Journal: Journal of Clinical Medicine

Article Title: A Systematic Review on the Role of Repeat Transurethral Resection after Initial en Bloc Resection for Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

doi: 10.3390/jcm11175049

Figure Lengend Snippet: ReTURB recommendations across international guideline panels.

Article Snippet: National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) , 2015 , 1. All high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer , 1. Low , within 6 weeks.

Techniques:

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Discovery of a novel antibiotic class targeting the enolase of Acinetobacter baumannii

doi: 10.1101/2025.04.23.650324

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Hit identification workflow using the EU-OPENSCREEN library. *Screening of compounds with ≥ 70% activity against 1 or 2 MDR pathogens. **Screening of compounds with MIC≤100 µM w/o previous antibacterial activity. ( B ) Chemical structure of ENOblock. ( C ) Confirmation of ENOblock activity with the primary screening sample in dose-response mode against A. baumannii Ab ATCC 17978 and E. coli ATCC 25922 strains. AC50: Concentration at which 50% of maximum activity is observed.

Article Snippet: To determine the antibacterial of ENOblock against wild-type and enolase-deficient A. baumannii , bacterial growth curves of the A. baumannii Ab ATCC 17978 and its isogenic deficient in enolase (Ab Δ eno ) strain in similar conditions (see above).

Techniques: Library Screening, Activity Assay, Concentration Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Discovery of a novel antibiotic class targeting the enolase of Acinetobacter baumannii

doi: 10.1101/2025.04.23.650324

Figure Lengend Snippet: A. baumannii Ab ATCC 17978 concentrations after incubation with increasing concentrations of ENOblock.

Article Snippet: To determine the antibacterial of ENOblock against wild-type and enolase-deficient A. baumannii , bacterial growth curves of the A. baumannii Ab ATCC 17978 and its isogenic deficient in enolase (Ab Δ eno ) strain in similar conditions (see above).

Techniques: Incubation

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Discovery of a novel antibiotic class targeting the enolase of Acinetobacter baumannii

doi: 10.1101/2025.04.23.650324

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Time-kill curves of A. baumannii Ab ATCC 17978 and Ab CR17 strains in the presence of 1x and 1x, 2x and 4xMIC ENOblock for 24 hours. ( B ) Schematic presentation of the EIIP/AQVN criterion for the selection of ENOblock and colistin combination (green-penicillins, blue-carbapenems, red-quinolones). ( C and D ) Representative heat plots of microdilution checkerboard assay for the combination of ENOblock and colistin against Ab ATCC 17978 and Ab CR17 strains. ( E ) Bacterial growth curve plots of A. baumannii Ab ATCC 17978 and Ab CR17 strains in the absence and presence of colistin, ENOblock and colistin plus ENOblock. AQVN: Average quasi-valence number, EIIP: Electron-ion interaction potential.

Article Snippet: To determine the antibacterial of ENOblock against wild-type and enolase-deficient A. baumannii , bacterial growth curves of the A. baumannii Ab ATCC 17978 and its isogenic deficient in enolase (Ab Δ eno ) strain in similar conditions (see above).

Techniques: Selection

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Discovery of a novel antibiotic class targeting the enolase of Acinetobacter baumannii

doi: 10.1101/2025.04.23.650324

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Representative images and ( B ) a PaCMAP plot of A. baumannii cells treated with 1x MIC of ENOblock and antibiotic controls. In all images, cell membranes are stained with FM4-64 (red), DAPI (blue), and SYTOX green (green). Scale bar represents 1 μM. ( C ) Representative images of A. baumannii cells treated with ENOblock for 10, 30 and 60 minutes, and then stained with FM4-64 (red) and SYTOX Green (green). Scale bar represents 1 μm. ( D ) A graph showing differences in SYTOX Green intensities between untreated and ENOblock-treated cells at different timepoints. Values represent mean intensities ± SEM of individual nucleoids from single cells, per condition. ** P <0.01; two-tailed Student’s t-test, n.s.; not statistically significant.

Article Snippet: To determine the antibacterial of ENOblock against wild-type and enolase-deficient A. baumannii , bacterial growth curves of the A. baumannii Ab ATCC 17978 and its isogenic deficient in enolase (Ab Δ eno ) strain in similar conditions (see above).

Techniques: Staining, Two Tailed Test

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Discovery of a novel antibiotic class targeting the enolase of Acinetobacter baumannii

doi: 10.1101/2025.04.23.650324

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Structural models generated by docking of ENOblock into the C-domain of A. baumannii enolase. ENOblock is displayed as sticks. ΔG: Glide score. ( B ) Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) titrations with integrated fitted heat plots of ENOblock binding with wt enolase (wt) or enolase (D207A-S371A). ( C ) Enolase activity in determined in A. baumannii Ab ATCC 17978 and Δ eno strains. The data are presented as means ± SEM, and student t-test was used for statistical analysis. * P < 0.05, Ab ATCC 17978 vs Δ eno ; two-tailed Student’s t-test. ( D ) MIC of ENOblock against A. baumannii Ab ATCC 17978 vs Δ eno strains. ( E ) A. baumannii Ab ATCC 17978 and Δ eno strains adhesion to HeLa cells. ( F and G ) Bacterial growth curve plots of A. baumannii Ab ATCC 17978 vs Δ eno strains in the absence and presence of ENOblock treatment at different concentrations. * P < 0.05, Ab ATCC 17978 vs Δ eno ; two-tailed Student’s t-test.

Article Snippet: To determine the antibacterial of ENOblock against wild-type and enolase-deficient A. baumannii , bacterial growth curves of the A. baumannii Ab ATCC 17978 and its isogenic deficient in enolase (Ab Δ eno ) strain in similar conditions (see above).

Techniques: Generated, Isothermal Titration Calorimetry, Binding Assay, Activity Assay, Two Tailed Test

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Discovery of a novel antibiotic class targeting the enolase of Acinetobacter baumannii

doi: 10.1101/2025.04.23.650324

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) The enolase sequences of A. baumannii , E. coli and K. pneumoniae . ( B ) Structural models generated by docking of ENOblock into E. coli and K. pneumoniae enolase. ENOblock is displayed as sticks. ΔG: Glide score.

Article Snippet: To determine the antibacterial of ENOblock against wild-type and enolase-deficient A. baumannii , bacterial growth curves of the A. baumannii Ab ATCC 17978 and its isogenic deficient in enolase (Ab Δ eno ) strain in similar conditions (see above).

Techniques: Generated

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Discovery of a novel antibiotic class targeting the enolase of Acinetobacter baumannii

doi: 10.1101/2025.04.23.650324

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Schematic of the bacterial adhesion/invasion assay. ( B and C ) Analysis of A. baumannii Ab ATCC 17978 and Ab CR17 strains adhesion/invasion into HeLa cells and macrophages with (1xMIC) and without ENOblock treatment. The data are presented as means ± SEM, * P <0.05: treatment vs no treatment; two-tailed Student’s t-test. ( D ) Immunostaining of fibronectin of HeLa cells (magenta) and Ab ATCC 17978 and Ab CR17 strains (green) pretreated with ENOblock (0x and 1xMIC), after bacterial adherence for two hours, was performed by specific primary antibodies against both strains and their respective secondary antibodies. Blue staining shows the location of HeLa cell nuclei.

Article Snippet: To determine the antibacterial of ENOblock against wild-type and enolase-deficient A. baumannii , bacterial growth curves of the A. baumannii Ab ATCC 17978 and its isogenic deficient in enolase (Ab Δ eno ) strain in similar conditions (see above).

Techniques: Invasion Assay, Two Tailed Test, Immunostaining, Staining

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Discovery of a novel antibiotic class targeting the enolase of Acinetobacter baumannii

doi: 10.1101/2025.04.23.650324

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) PCA plot of TMT data from A. baumannii infected macrophages and epithelial cells (n = 3 for each group). (B) Venn diagrams showing the overlap of DEGs between the two comparisons: A. baumannii infected macrophages vs A. baumannii infected epithelial cells. The upper panel shows overlaps of overexpressed proteins, while the lower panel shows overlaps of downexpressed proteins. (C) COG category distribution of DEPs. The overexpressed and downexpressed proteins in each comparison are categorized by their COG functional groups, with blue representing downexpressed proteins and orange representing overexpressed proteins. (D) Volcano plots depicting the DEPs for the two comparisons. Proteins significantly overexpressed are shown in red, while significantly downexpressed proteins are shown in blue. Enolase overexpression is shown in green. Non-significant proteins are indicated in black. MΦ: macrophage cells, Epit: epithelial cells.

Article Snippet: To determine the antibacterial of ENOblock against wild-type and enolase-deficient A. baumannii , bacterial growth curves of the A. baumannii Ab ATCC 17978 and its isogenic deficient in enolase (Ab Δ eno ) strain in similar conditions (see above).

Techniques: Infection, Comparison, Functional Assay, Over Expression

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Discovery of a novel antibiotic class targeting the enolase of Acinetobacter baumannii

doi: 10.1101/2025.04.23.650324

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A-C ) Consensus-spectrum (CIS) of enolase, plasminogen and ENOblock, enolase, fibronectin and ENOblock, and enolase, fibrinogen and ENOblock ( D-F ) Structural models of protein-protein complex generated by Alfafold3 analysis by docking of ENOblock (ball and stick), enolase (pelorous ribbons) and plasminogen, fibronectin or fibrinogen (tangerine ribbons). The intermolecular interactions from the obtained complex were according to ISM method–detected interaction domains (yellow ribbons). ( G-I ) Inhibition of A. baumannii adherence to immobilized plasminogen, fibronectin and fibrinogen by free enolase. Ab ATCC 17978 strain was incubated in plasminogen, fibronectin and fibrinogen-coated wells for 3 h at room temperature, containing increasing concentrations of free enolase (0, 10, 50 and 100 mg/L). ( J-K ) Inhibition of A. baumannii adherence to immobilized plasminogen, fibronectin and fibrinogen by ENOblock. Ab ATCC 17978 strain was incubated in plasminogen, fibronectin and fibrinogen-coated wells for 2 h at room temperature, containing increasing concentrations of ENOblock (0.5x and 1xMIC). Adherent bacteria to plasminogen, fibronectin and fibrinogen-coated wells were quantified by serial dilutions as described in materials and methods . Results were expressed as the percentage of total untreated A. baumannii adhered to immobilized plasminogen, fibronectin and fibrinogen.

Article Snippet: To determine the antibacterial of ENOblock against wild-type and enolase-deficient A. baumannii , bacterial growth curves of the A. baumannii Ab ATCC 17978 and its isogenic deficient in enolase (Ab Δ eno ) strain in similar conditions (see above).

Techniques: Generated, Inhibition, Incubation, Bacteria

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Discovery of a novel antibiotic class targeting the enolase of Acinetobacter baumannii

doi: 10.1101/2025.04.23.650324

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Experimental design for A. baumannii Ab ATCC 17978 strain lethal doses determination. ( B ) Seven days of mortality monitoring in G. mellonella administered with different inoculum of A. baumannii Ab ATCC 17978 strain (n = 8 per group). ( C ) Experimental design for A. baumannii Ab ATCC 17978 strain infection and treatment. ( D ) Three days of mortality monitoring in G. mellonella administered with MDL100 (10 CFU/mL) A. baumannii Ab ATCC 17978 and treated or not with ENOblock (32 mg/L; n = 8 per group). P <0.01, treatment vs no treatment; Kaplan-Meier test.

Article Snippet: To determine the antibacterial of ENOblock against wild-type and enolase-deficient A. baumannii , bacterial growth curves of the A. baumannii Ab ATCC 17978 and its isogenic deficient in enolase (Ab Δ eno ) strain in similar conditions (see above).

Techniques: Infection